A Republic of Slovenia (Slovenian: Republika Slovenija) is a coastal sub-Alpestrine united states inside southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west, the Adriatic Sea to the southwest, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north.

Slovenia was section of: Kingdom of Yugoslavia until 1945, SFR of Yugoslavia from 1945 until gaining independence in 1991. It became the member of the European Union on 1 May 2004. These are likewise the member of the Council of Europe, NATO, and has observer status inside La Francophonie.

History

These are believed that a Slavic ancestors of the present-day Slovenians settled in the area in the 6th century. A Slavic Duchy of Carantania, a number one proto-Slovenian state & the foremost stable Slavic state, was formed in the 7th century. Around 745, Carantania lost its independence, existence largely subsumed into a Frankish empire. Numbers of Slavs converted to Christianity.

A Freising manuscripts, a earliest living written documents around Slovenian & the number 1 ever Slavic idiom documents within Latin script, were written around 1000. When you took a 14th century, most of Slovenia's regions passed into ownership of the Habsburgs whose lands later formed a Austro-Hungarian Empire, with Slovenians inhabiting 100% or even virtually all of the provinces of Carniola, Gorizia and Gradisca, and area of the provinces of Istria, Carinthia and Styria.

Within 1848 the strong programme for a united Slovenia emerged when a share of the "Spring of Nations" movement in Austria.

By owning a collapse of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy around 1918, Slovenians joined the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, later renamed (1929) the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. As a result a re-establishment of Yugoslavia at a prevent of World War II, Slovenia became a a share of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, officially declared on 29 November 1945. Present-contemporary Slovenia was formed in 25 June 1991 upon its independence from Yugoslavia. Slovenia joined NATO on 29 March 2004 and the European Union on 1 May 2004.

Understand too Timeline of Slovenian history

Politics

A Slovenian head of state is the president, who is elected by popular vote each Fin years. A executive branch is headed by the prime minister and the council of ministers or even cabinet, which are elected per parliament.

A bicameral Slovenian parliament consists of the National Assembly or Državni zbor, and a Državni svet or even National Council. A National Assembly has Ninety seats, which are then part filled by having directly elective representatives, & part sustaining proportionately elective representatives (ii seats reserved for autochthonic Hungarian & Italian minorities). A National Council has Forty seats, & is processed higher of representatives of social, economic, sales person & local interest. Parliamentary elections come held each iv years, when National Council members come elected indirectly each Little phoebe years.

Regions
Historical Regions

Every bit from Enciklopedija Slovenije (Encyclopedia of Slovenia), traditional Slovenian regions, based in a previous section of Slovenia on ternary crown lands (Carniola, Styria and Goriška) and their area, come:

Gorenjska (Upper Carniola) (denoted on the map by U.C.) Štajerska (Styria) (S) Prekmurje (Transmuraland) (T) Koroška (Carinthia) (C) Notranjska (Inner Carniola) (I.C.) Dolenjska (Lower Carniola) (L.C.) Goriška (G) Slovenska Istra (Slovenian Istria) (L)

A previous 2 come unremarkably considered together when Primorska (a Littoral Region). White Carniola (Belthe krajina), otherwise part of Lower Carniola, is periodically considered a separate area, when is Zasavje, which is otherwise a a portion of Upper & Lower Carniola & Styria.

Natural Regions

A 1st regionalizations of Slovenia were processed by geographers Anton Melik (1935-1936) and Svetozar IleÅ¡iÄ? (1968). A fresh regionalization by Ivan Gams divides Slovenia in the following macroregions: a Alps (visokogorske Alpe) a Prealpine Hills (predalpsko hribovje) a Ljubljana basin (Ljubljanska kotlina) Submediterranean (Littoral) Slovenia (submediteranska - primorska Slovenija) a dinaric Karst of inner Slovenia (dinarski kras notranje Slovenije) Subpannonian Slovenia (subpanononska Slovenija)

Based on data from a recently natural geographic regionalization, the united states consists of foursome macroregions. Which are actually a Alpine globe, a Mediterranean globe, a Dinaric globe & a Pannonian globe. Macroregions come defined based on data from major relief units (a Alps, a Pannonian plain, a Dinaric mountains) & climate types (continental, alpine, mediterranean). Which are actually typically quite intervowen.

Macroregions consist of multiple & super diverse mesoregions. A independent factor that defines a babies is the relief together by using the geological composition. Mesoregions successively consist of many microregions.

Administrative Regions

When of May 2005, exclusively Technical indicator regions survive, &, when their title suggests, come only utilized for statistical purposes. There are Dozen one regions.

A Technical indicator regions come: Pomurska (Ace) Podravska (Two) Koroška (Trine) Savinjska (Quaternity) Zasavska (Fin) Spodnjeposavska (Sixer) Jugovzhodna Slovenija (Sevener) Osrednjeslovenska (Eighter) Gorenjska (Ix) Notranjsko-kraška (X) Goriška (Eleven) Obalno-kraška (Dozen)

The Government, however, is preparing the project for freshly Administrative regions. A total one regions is non eventually defined, however is said to become around 10 to 12. A project might, when existence publicly unveiled, want to undergo parliamentary debate, & these are potential that constitution changes will be required prior to a regionalization could inherit symptom. Whenever a scenario of Xii Administrative regions is selected, a regions may virtually all in all likelihood become a equivalent when a todays Technical indicator regions.

Municipalities

Slovenia is divided into 193 municipalities (obÄ?ine, singular - obÄ?ina), of which Xi own urban status.

Geography

4 major European geographic regions meet within Slovenia: a Alps, the Dinarides, the Pannonian plain, and a Mediterranean. Slovenia's greatest peak is Triglav (2864 m); the united states's typical height above a sea level is 557 m. In the area of a single half of the united states (10,124 km²) is covered by forests; this makes Slovenia the third virtually all forested united states within Europe, when Finland and Sweden. Remnants of aboriginal forests come however to become discovered, a largest in the KoÄ?evje area. Grassl& covers 5593 km² of the united states & fields and gardens 2471 km². There are too 363 km² of woodlet & 216 km² of vineyards.

Its climate is Submediterranean on the coast, Alpine in the mountains & continental using modest to hot summers & cold winters in the tableland and vale to the east. A typical temperatures come -2°C inside January & 21°C within July. A typical rain is Yard millimeter for the coast, as much as 3500 millimeter for the Alps, 800 millimetre for in the south east & 1400 millimetre for central Slovenia.

Understand as well: National parks of Slovenia.

Economy

Slovenia occurs as high-income economy which enjoys a greatest GDP per capita (US$21,567 within 2005) of the newly joined EU countries. the united states has a comparatively high rate of inflation (3.6% around 2004) when in comparison a European Union average, even though inflation is required to decline around 2005 to 2.5%. Slovenia's economy grew impressively in 2004, by 4.6%, fallowing comparatively slow incubation within 2003 (Ii.5%). Overall, the united states get on a healthy economic footing. Still, tremendously operate remains to become liquidate the areas of privatisation and capital market reform.

In the period of 2000, privatisations were seen in the banking, telecommunications, and public utility sectors. Restrictions in foreign investment are slowly being dismantled, & foreign direct investment (FDI) is expected to increase on top a next deuce years. Slovenia may be considered one of a economic front-favorite of a countries that joined the European Union inside 2004.

Demographics

Slovenia's ethnic groups come: Slovenians (89%); Croats, Serbs, Bosniaks & other nationalities of a previous Yugoslavia (10%); and the ethnic Hungarian and Italian minorities (0.5%). Life expectancy within 2000 was 71.Eighty years for men & 79.Fifty years for women.

As of 2004, out of a approx. 18,000 erased humans as much as 4,000 however don't regulate any status.

Using 95 dweller by a km², Slovenia ranks moo among the European countries around people density (compare sustaining 320/km² for the Netherlands or 195/km² for Italy). Or so 50% of a aggregate people sleep within populated area, the rest in rural.

A official language is Slovenian, which is a member of the South Slavic language group. Hungarian and Italian enjoy a status of official language in the nationally mixed regions along the Hungarian & Italian border.

Culture

Slovenia had its foremost printed book by owning protestant reformer Primož Trubar (1508-1586). It was actually deuce books, Catechismus (the catechism) and Abecedarium, which was published in 1550 in Tübingen, Germany.

A portion of the united states, that is to say Carniola (which existed until the 19th century) was etnographically and historically easily described in the book The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola (Die Ehre des Herzogthums Crain), published in 1689 by baron Janez Vajkard Valvasor (1641-1693).

Slovenia's ii low literate person were poet Dr. France PreÅ¡eren (1800-1849) and writer Ivan Cankar (1876-1918). A first Slovenian painters come Ivana Kobilca and impressionist Rihard JakopiÄ?. A first Slovenian designer is Jože PleÄ?nik.

Slovenia occurs as native l& of many musicians and composers, including Renaissance composer Jacobus Gallus (1550-1591). He influenced Central European classical music a lot. In the 20th century, Bojan AdamiÄ? was a celebrated film music composer.

Contemporary popular musicians use at times been Slavko Avsenik, Laibach, Vlado Kreslin, New Swing Quartet, Siddharta and most recently Atomik Harmonik.

Slovenia's learned men include physicist Jožef Stefan, linguist Franc MikloÅ¡iÄ? and mathematician Jurij Vega.

View likewise: List of Slovenians Holidays in Slovenia Music of Slovenia Slovenian literature

Biodiversity
Although Slovenia occurs as little united states, different influences interact there. A Alps come northerly (that is to say, Julian Alps, Karavanke, Kamnik Alps), the Dinarides lie in the south, & there exists likewise the little the share of Pannonian plain and a Littoral Region. It likewise has Karst - a super rich underground globe. Diverse flora and fauna are found there.

Every bit mentioned above, half of the united states (53%) is covered by forest. Forests come an crucial natural resources, however their avowedly value lies around this preserved natural diversity, their ecological (protection of a soil, a lake & air) & social (touristry & recreation) functions, & the beauty it lend to the Slovenian landscape. In the interior there are average Central European forests (oak and beech, in the mountains spruce, fir and pine). A tree-line is at 1700-1800 m.

Pine grows likewise on the Karst plateau. A Karst and White Carniola are well known for the mysterious proteus. Sole 1 third of Kras is okay, covered by pine woods. These are said that virtually all was cut long since to produce wooden pylons in which a city of Venice today stands. A lime (linden) tree, another most common dweller of Slovenian forests, is as well the national symbol. The national byword says: "A true Slovenian must raise a child, write a book and plant a tree."

In a Alps, the virtually all beautiful flowers come spurge laurel (Daphne blagayana), different gentians (Clusi's gentian - Gentiana clusii, Froelich's gentian - Gentiana froelichi), avrikelj or lepi jegliÄ? (Primula auricula), edelweiss (Leontopodium alpinum) - the symbol of Slovenian mountain climbing, lepi Ä?eveljc (Cypripedium calceolus), MoÄ?virska logarica or marsh tulip (Fritillaria meleagris), velikonoÄ?nica (Pulsatilla grandis).

Animal include marmot (introduced), steinbocks, and chamois. There are many deer, roe deer, boar and hares. A loir or fat dormouse is often encountered within Slovenian beech forests. Hunting these fauna occurs as hanker tradition & is swell described in the book The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola (Slava Vojvodine Kranjske) (1689), written by Janez Vajkard Valvasor (1641-1693). A bit of significant carnivores include a Eurasian lynx (reintroduced to KoÄ?evje area in 1973), European wild cat, fox (especially the red fox), and jackal. There are too hedgehogs, and different coinage of marten, snakes (viper, grass snake, etc.). When of March 2005, Slovenithe besides has a limited people of wolves & astir 400 brown bears.

There is a kind of birds: a tawny owl, long-eared owl and Eagle Owl, hawks, Short-toed Eagle and other birds of prey, but as well more birds like a woodpecker (black and green woodpecker). A white stork nests in Prekmurje.

A autochthonic fish SoÄ?a trout is found inside Slovenia. There are dolphins in the Adriatic Sea, but likewise whales can pop up on this text.

Household critters originating inside Slovenia include a Carniolan honeybee, the forearm Karst Sheepdog and the Lipizzan horse breed.